And you raise an excellent point. As we saw with Buffalo Police Officer Horne, she was fired for precisely the same thing. It is also my understanding that that very phenomenon - supervisors STOPPING subordinates from basically supervising - is a real obstacle as well.

What I like about this response is that there is at least a start for capturing this as well. We do not substitute [first line supervisor] for [street level officer]. By that I mean we don't look for a new "pasty." We say "start at the supervisor with the duty to oversee X, and work your up." Did supe 1 do job? Did supe 2 do job overseeing supe 1? Did supe 3 do job overseeing 2? All the way up the chain. So, if 2 was required to do X, 3 understands that 3 goes down for the failure as well, then 3 may be less inclined to dissuade 2 from turning a blind eye.

Hopefully in this way, we catch failures top-down and bottom-up.